The NAFTA Treaty Between the US and Mexico

The NAFTA Treaty Between the US and Mexico The NAFTA treaty, which was signed two decadesago, has immensely promoted trading relations between the US and Mexico. Prior to the NAFTA agreement, Mexico imposed high import tariffs and trade restrictions on American goods. Mexico’s protectionist policies changed during the late 80s when the country was hit by a severe economic crisis. Since then Mexico has ratified several free trade agreements with the EU, Japan, and most significantly the NAFTA treaty with Canada and the US.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The NAFTA Treaty Between the US and Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The 1994 NAFTA treaty between Mexico and the US phased out several taxes,particularly on the products traded between these countries.In addition, it called for elimination of other tariffs. Despite the fact that there have been calls, particularly from America’s labor unions such as Teamsters to suspend the treaty, it rem ains clear that both countries have greatly leaped more from open trading relations. This was evident when American officials defied conservative views that Mexican trucks’ presence in the US could lead to job losses and unwarranted competition between Mexicanand American truck drivers. For some time, the question of free movement of goods by road transport between these two countries was dominated by political battles despite the fact that two-thirds of cross-border trade between the US and Mexico goes by road. Shermanargues that according to the NAFTA treaty, â€Å"transport companies from both countries weresupposed to have unrestricted access to highways on border states by 1995 and full access to all American highways by January 2000† (Sherman). However, America’s Teamsters fiercely fought against this provision, arguing that Mexican trucks were unsafe and lacked the necessary pollution control gear. In addition, they claimed that Mexican drivers were ina dequately trained and unqualified to drive in American highways. American courts and the NAFTA dispute-resolution panel rejected these allegations claiming that they violated the NAFTA agreement. This forced the NAFTA dispute-resolution panel to give Mexico the green light to impose retaliatory tariffs. Nevertheless, Mexico decided to put the decision on holdto give the US time toappreciate its commitments. The grace period passed when US Congress â€Å"approved measures setting 22 new safety standards for Mexican trucks† (Sherman). After that the first Mexican truck recently crossed the border amid celebrations from both sides hence fulfilling a long-delayed provision of NAFTA, which had stalled for more than a decade because the US feared that Mexico could jeopardize its highway safety standards and put American jobs at risk. Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mexican o fficials who attended the ceremony affirmed that the success of the treatylargely relied on the safety and efficiency of the project. Previously, Mexican trucks have transported raw materials and finished products to the interior of the US although that happened as part of a pilot project. This project had initially been hindered by policy concerns leading to its cancellation two years ago by Obamas administration. Mexico was angered by the USAs decision to suspend the project.Moreover,it increased tariffs on selected American goods such as â€Å"Christmas trees onions, apples, oranges, deodorants, sunglasses among others (Sherman). Nonetheless, after the US authorities allowed Mexican trucks to ply the US highways, Mexican authorities suspended the tariffs, but cautioned the US that the tariffs could be reinstated if they failed to follow the treaty. The move came after America’s Department of Transportation acknowledged that the all the safety concerns had been resolved. I t also added that electronic monitoring systems had been put in place to track operational hours when the trucks are on the roads. Additionally, US affirmed that it will screen all the drivers to ensure that they pass â€Å"safety reviews, drug tests, and assess their English proficiency† (Sherman). Work Cited Sherman, Christopher. Mexican Truck Is First in US under Delayed NAFTA Program. Associated Press. The Associated Press., 21Oct. 2011. Web.

Humanity Bloomed During the Renaissance

Humanity Bloomed During the Renaissance The Renaissance, a movement that  stressed the ideas of the classical world, ended the medieval era  and heralded the start of Europes modern age. Between the 14th and 17th centuries, art and science flourished as empires expanded and cultures mixed as never before. Although historians still debate some  causes of the Renaissance, they agree on a few basic points. AHunger for Discovery The courts and monasteries of Europe had long been repositories of manuscripts and texts, but a change in how scholars viewed them sparked a massive reappraisal of classical works in the Renaissance. Fourteenth-century writer Petrarch typified this, writing about his lust for discovering texts that  had previously been ignored. As literacy spread and a middle class emerged, seeking out, reading, and spreading classical texts became commonplace. New libraries developed to facilitate access to old books. Ideas once forgotten were now reawakened, as was interest in their authors. Reintroduction of Classical Works During the Dark Ages, many classical European texts were lost or destroyed. Those that survived were hidden in churches and monasteries of the Byzantine Empire or in capitals of the Middle East. During the Renaissance, many of these texts were slowly reintroduced into Europe by merchants and scholars. In 1396 an official academic post for teaching Greek was created in Florence. The man hired, Manuel Chrysoloras, brought with him a copy of Ptolemy’s Geography from the East. A huge number of Greek texts and scholars arrived in Europe with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. The Printing Press The invention of the printing press  in 1440 was the game-changer. Finally, books could be mass produced for far less money and time than by the old handwritten methods. Ideas could be spread through libraries, booksellers, and schools in a way that wasnt possible before. The printed page was more legible than the elaborate script of books written longhand. Printing became a viable industry, creating new jobs and innovations. The spread of books also encouraged the study of literature itself, allowing new ideas to spread as cities and nations began establishing universities and other schools. Humanism Emerges Renaissance humanism  was a new manner of thinking and approaching the world. It has been called the earliest expression of the Renaissance and is described as both a product and a cause of the movement. Humanist thinkers challenged the mindset of the previously dominant school of scholarly thought, Scholasticism, as well as the Catholic Church, allowing the new thinking to develop. Art and Politics The new artists needed wealthy patrons to support them, and Renaissance Italy was especially fertile ground. Political changes in the ruling class shortly before this period had led to the rulers of most major city-states being â€Å"new men† without much political history. They attempted to legitimize themselves with conspicuous investment in and public flaunting of art and architecture. As the Renaissance spread, church and European rulers used their wealth to adopt the new styles to keep pace. The demand from the  elites wasn’t just artistic; they also relied upon ideas developed for their political models. The Prince, Machiavelli’s  guide for rulers, is a work of Renaissance political theory. The developing bureaucracies of Italy and the rest of Europe generated new  demand for highly educated humanists to fill the ranks of governments and bureaucracies. A new political and economic class emerged.   Death and Life In the middle of the 14th  century, the Black Death swept Europe, killing perhaps a third of the population. While devastating, the plague left survivors better off financially and socially, with the same wealth spread among fewer people. This was especially true in Italy, where social mobility was much greater. This new  wealth often was spent lavishly on arts, culture, and artisanal goods.  The merchant classes of regional powers such as Italy  saw a great increase in wealth from their roles in trade. This growing mercantile class sparked a financial industry to manage their wealth, generating additional economic and social growth. War and Peace Periods of peace and war have been credited with allowing the Renaissance to spread. The end of the Hundred Years War between England and France in 1453 allowed Renaissance ideas to penetrate these nations as resources once consumed by war were funneled into the arts and sciences. By contrast, the Great Italian Wars of the early 16th century allowed Renaissance ideas to spread to France as its armies invaded Italy repeatedly over 50 years.