Have You Ever Thought About That Economic Is Effect In

Have you ever thought about that Economic is effect in our daily life? For example, every day, we will have to decide how much we can spend for our foods, clothing, and paying the bills. Like in our textbook said that â€Å"We could not get everything we want therefore we are naming the Scarcity.† In this essay, we will discuss about the U.S. Economy for the years between 2006 and now in terms of macroeconomic measures discussed in the course GDP, unemployment, and inflation rates. First, GDP is the dollar value of all goods and services produced by a given country during a certain period (Graham, 2017). GDP includes income and domestic expenditures. GDP income includes wages and salaries, corporate profits, interest collected by lenders, and†¦show more content†¦The BEA previews that each year, GDP data is changing monthly during the year as the following on the graph: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Graph The second part we will talk about the inflation. Inflation is the rising price of goods and services over time. It s an economics term that means you must spend more to fill your gas tank, buy a gallon of milk, or get a haircut. That increases your cost of living (Amadeo, 2016). Inflation make our money value reduced if we compared in the past Dollar’s value higher than now. For example, before people can buy a gallon of gas 94 ¢ but now a gallon of gas over $2.00. Inflation rate also can increase or decrease of prices during a month or a year thus no one cannot be guaranteed. That’s why President Reagan said, â€Å"Inflation is as violent as a mugger, as frightening as an armed robber, and as deadly as a hit man.(Amadeo, 2016). Furthermore, hyperinflation causes when the inflation rate is more than 50% if it happens like that it will cause the recession or stagflation. The primary cause of inflation is when the government prints too much money thus government must not print too much money to make the money valuable down. Low inflation keeps a company’s costs down, and increases profits so low inflation is better for the market than high inflation (Graham, 2017). Further, as the prices rise, our money have lessShow MoreRelated Milton Freedman Essay917 Words   |  4 Pageson this planet, mankind has experimented with innumerable methods of trade and economics. Many believe that human restrictions on trade and a person’s desire for objects can create a utopian way of economic life. The following will examine two articles: The Market Didn’t Do It and A Good Conversation and the Marketplace. The goal of the following is to determine whether each is true and why based not only on the econom ic system of the world today, but also upon reason. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;SomeRead MoreEssay on The Industrial Revolution1326 Words   |  6 PagesProject From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution to the present day, the structure and culture of the American workplace have been affected by many forces, among them capitalism, technology, globalization, and issues of equality. Describe these forces in detail and analyze their impact on the structure and culture workplace. Capitalism Capitalism is an economic system that is based on the private ownership of capital or the means of production and the creation of goods and services forRead MoreCritical Analysis : Why Education Is Not An Economic Panacea1145 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis: â€Å"Why Education Is Not an Economic Panacea† â€Å"The advice we would offer every halfway intelligent young person with a pulse—go to college—is not, I argue, counsel we can offer a whole generation of young people† (Marsh p.6). John Marsh explores in his article â€Å"Why Education Is Not an Economic Panacea† the correlation between income inequality and lack of higher education. In doing so he finds that education alone may not be a cure all for the problems faced by many low incomeRead MoreMark Cuban, billionaire owner of the Dallas Mavericks, wrote, â€Å"I have NEVER met a motivated person1100 Words   |  5 PagesMark Cuban, billionaire owner of the Dallas Mavericks, wrote, â€Å"I have NEVER met a motivated person who has said they would not chase their goals because of tax rates.† (Cuban) Warren Buffet has pledged to give away 99 percent of his wealth. Bill Gates now dedicates his life and wealth to philanthropy. On the other hand, of course, it is not hard to find a rich perso n that feels victimized by the tax code. When President Obama proposed a tax increase on private equity firms, billionaire Steve SchwarzmanRead MoreThe Illusion Of The Epoch : Neoclassical Economics As A Case Study1740 Words   |  7 Pages Henry titled The Illusion of the Epoch: Neoclassical Economics as a Case Study. This essay written by John F. Henry is an examination of ideas put forward by Karl Marx as well as Friedrich Engel in The German Ideology and their correlation with the principles of neoclassical economics. This idea is referred to as the â€Å"Illusion of the epoch† and is described by Henry as being â€Å"A conceptual framework in which the ideas of the dominant economic class are the dominant ideas in a society and increasinglyRead MoreReasons Why The Crash Of Wall Street Happened1066 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will talk about the various reasons why the crash of Wall Street happened; such as the credit boom, buying on margin, and irrational exuberan ce. Also, mismatch between production and consumption, and the weaknesses of the banking system. The many reasons why the Great Depression occurred but the main ones are from the uneven distribution of income, loss of export sales, and mistakes by the Federal Reserve. This paper will also give examples on how the economic problems in 1929 were similarRead MoreFrancois Quesnay : The Physiocratic System1066 Words   |  5 PagesAlexis Parker Miss Umpleby West. Civ. – Pd. 6 1 December 2015 Francois Quesnay Francois Quesnay was the founder of the economic system that eventually was called the physiocratic system. He was born on June 4, 1694 in Paris, France. His father was a country lawyer that didn t get payed very much money. Francois didn t receive any financial aid from his family to get an education. In result of no education, he didn t learn how to read until he was twelve years old. However, he was able toRead MoreKey Elements in Sinclair Lewis, Babbitt Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pagesexplain his full effect and purpose for writing his novel. Babbitt is a satirist look, at not only one man, but an entire society as well. He exposes the hypocrisy and mechanization of American society in the 1920’s. In the story Lewis focuses on his main character George Babbitt, the protagonist throughout much of the book, who is a business with lofty aims and a desire to climb the ladder of the social class. To fully achieve his opinions and beliefs, Lewis used literary effects of iro ny and themeRead MoreHow Could War Stimulate The Economy?1235 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology. This might give a multiplier effect which then gush on to other businesses. By looking into the state of the economy at each and every major conflict since world war II, it is prudent that the positive effect of a rise in military spending were overshadowed by longer term unintentional negative macroeconomic cost. As the stimulatory effect of military expenditure is evidently associated with boost in the growth of the economy, unpleasant effects turn up either immediately or later on,Read MoreThe Effects Of Socioeconomics On Children s Children1743 Words   |  7 Pagesclothes and his free and reduced lunch status. He is constantly under pressure from peers to have the newest and niftiest gadgets; nevertheless, his mother cannot afford to provide food and permanent housing, much less, these extra luxuries. Therefore, he has to comprise with what his mother can afford. She tries to provi de for her children and wants to offer them the world. Nonetheless, due to her economic situation, she cannot provide her for children adequately; they are forced to ask for aid from

Title of your paper Free Essays

It feels like such a long time since I last saw you. I know I’ve only been away for only a few weeks, but so far my vacation here at Greece has been great! I’m currently staying at the Academy. I found a friend who shares the same passion with me in philosophy and he asked me to come with him to this place to meet other people. We will write a custom essay sample on Title of your paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’m very glad to stay here, I’ve learned a lot from various people. Anyways, yesterday I was walking along Agora or the city market and found some really great stuffs to buy and take home. In this place I found many people who are trading and talking about gossip (for women) and politics (for men). After hours of walking, I was able to get to the Hephaisteion.   I stayed for a while and witness the beauty of the temple. At noon, the heat at Athens   is topnotch so I stayed at the Stoa for cover. There are two kinds of Stoa, the one I stayed at was the Painted Stoa. It is a long covered hall that is open in one side and is decorated with many beautiful paintings. I spent almost an hour there and spent the whole time talking to people who get to engage in a conversation with me. It’s really funny though for they will just come up to me and ask me something all of a sudden. I was so dumbstruck. At the right of Agora are the sacred places that can be found in the city like the Theatre of Dionysos, the Askelpieion, and most of all the Acropolis. After a while of wandering around, my attention got caught by a group of man loudly arguing among one another. I happened to ask someone about what’s going on and he told me that the male citizen are debating about big decisions that affect the city. This place that I got into was called the Pnyx, the home of the assembly of people. However, I want to go to some quiet place instead and got interested in following young children each carrying small vases. I noticed I was back at the entrance of the city which was the Karameikos for I used the potteries as a landmark. By the end of the day, I decided to spend my time at the cemetery and stayed there till sunset. The cemetery was great for it really depicts the culture of the Athenians with their pottery and carvings. But what interests me most is the people’s daily activities on the city. By what I’ve observed, they’re almost routinary. Different kinds of people have specific type of jobs to finish each day. Even before the day starts people can be seen from all over the place. I came to ask a man why he was up so early and he said he had a trial and he have to prepare. Women get water from the fountains and traders are up for early trading. By mid-morning, servants are already working on their respective jobs. And by noon, the Agora and almost every plac ein Athens is so busy with people talking, doing business and many more. By mid afternoon, the place starts to quiet down and shops are preparing to close, this is my favorite part of the day in Athens for it is very peaceful and relaxing. And at last by midnight, servants start to relax and even play games with their friends. I somehow got used to the busy and loud environment here at Greece. Though I’m not quite used to talking about politics all the time, or even some serious or religious topics like religion and life. Athens is a very economic centered city and almost all people has something to trade and has something to offer as livelihood. A ll over Greece, the people grew olives, grapes, and figs. They kept goats, for milk and cheese. In the plains, where the soil was more rich, they also grew wheat to make bread. Making it smell like a combination of vegetables and farm animals at the same time. I really liked it here so far. I wanted to explore the city more but I guess need to have more time. Nevertheless, today I was invited to go to a friend’s house and spend the night there. I’m gonna have to take a look at a Greek house and be amazed once again. I’ll write to you again very soon. Take care always. See you! How to cite Title of your paper, Papers

Culture of Innovation Advance Business or Innovation

Question: Describe about the Culture of Innovation for Advance Business or Innovation. Answer: Introduction The major key to success for organizations lies within the Culture of Innovation. It is a situation which encourages different creative innovations and ideas on a continuous basis. If companies seriously need their business to advance or innovate, then they have to build-up innovation like a key objective. The Culture of Innovation demand continual development. An innovative organization can have various benefits in the commercial center or marketplace, but it should also adjust the investment as well as the other various costs of the business without affecting the potential results. This study highlights how the Culture of Innovation and the changes brought by it, affects Asian Companies. The major areas to be focused are Global ethics and social responsibilities, Issues in multicultural workforces and managing workforce diversity, and Women as global business leaders. Encouraging Culture of Innovation and change in the Asian Organizations Global ethics Having a great organizational culture is not only an option, rather it is a necessity. Employees these days consider the culture of an organization as important as they consider their salary and other organizational benefits. While the culture of innovation and change that works for one organization may not always work for some other organization, and everyone can learn much from organizations who are correctly performing change and innovation in its culture. Organizations in Asia are making efforts to compete for the billfold in the progressively customer-driven Asian economies. Individual: As cultural innovation gains steam, the stakes are improving for multinational, and domestic organizations alike (Abramson Littman, 2002). The progress in the culture of innovation will not only become an essential differentiator inside the Asian countries but also likewise yield products and ideas that help individuals to become a real competitors on the worldwide stage. The culture of Innovation lies at the heart of employees or individuals of many Asian companies economic system, as well as the region is generally considered as the worlds leading center for the innovative activities, especially in technology. Individuals of Asian companies skills or ability to hold this discrimination is an outcome of not only of technological advancement it achieved but also additionally advance the continuous creation of innovative business models that produce innovative companies and reclassify entire industries (Armengol Aspar, 2000). Corporate: Most major corporate organizations in various nations operate under numerous legal as well as regulatory administrative authorities. It must be troublesome, if not impossible, to distinguish the precise controlling of legal powers for creation and compliance initiatives, and sustaining ethics in the culture of innovation. Group: It must be a big challenge to find out what the group members of organizations specifically do to innovate the culture of the organization. Conducting culture of innovation and change in business ethically, avoiding corruption, prolong ethical business cultures and compliance with the law are superior solutions to the question, what must an group do to encourage the culture of innovation? Numerous nations adopted considering laws that might establish the parameters for legal, and ethical compliant corporate cultural conduct (Bagaryakov Nikulina, 2012). Social Responsibility Social Responsibility (SR) in the culture of innovation and change can never be ignored, particularly by major firms, and there are proofs that innovation has now become an interesting topic in the corporate boardrooms around the entire world. A few corporate leaders currently look SR as a part of their strategic management plan, while others consider it as a source of the innovation. However, innovation has not at all got the level of consideration it deserves. The word Innovation has a few diverse connotations that might not apply to the kind of results under the consideration here. Despite this, it is manageable for the organizations to be more innovative to the Social Responsibility initiative (Edralin, 2007). Management of workforce diversity and problems in multicultural workforces Managing workforce diversity Managing multicultural workforce diversity is the process in which the organizations workers belong to different ethnic, religious, racial, as well as gender backgrounds. Respect within the Workplace: The significant segment in accomplishing a positively managed or diversified workplace is setting up mutual respect and teamwork among the staff members. The approval of individual contrasts is necessary for creating productive and a copacetic work environment. Therefore, respect of other employees is one of the major issues in managing workforce diversity ("Korean and American Companies in Cyberspace: Comparing Public Relations Models Reflected in Web Sites", 2003). Conflict: When racism, discrimination, and prejudice creep into the work environment, conflict among workers becomes unavoidable and unpredictable. If not fully distinguished, this type of animosity in the workplace mostly turns into an explosive and sometimes even violent. Companies which offer diversified work surroundings and give enough diversity training frequently reduce and destroy such occurrences. Cultural and Ethnic Differences: Unfortunately, a few people harbor unfair biases against individuals of different religion, colors, ethnicity and societies than their own. This prejudice should never be tolerated in the workplace, and it should be managed within a company in a prompt manner (Larson, 2004). Communication: Even when there is no prejudice exist among the workers, management of workforce diversity tends to bring several communication issues. Like, contracting employees who speak very little and no English can decrease productivity and profitability by making a communication obstruction among the team members of companies. Issues in multicultural workforces Many authoritative leaders are attempting to conquer the issues of the multicultural workforce in order to reap its benefits. A multicultural workforce is comprised of workers with an extensive range of cultural backgrounds. Age, national origin, gender, race, and marital status are a few traits which distinguish workers culturally (Kamau-Maina, 2009). The increase in Danger of Discrimination: The diverse workforce represents an increase in the potential for the discrimination. It is obvious that if people are placed together with natural distinguishing traits, workers with prejudices might utilize them against one another. This increases the importance of why the diversity management is so basic and important with the multicultural workforces. That is why organizations want to offer cultural sensitivity training and awareness to assist companies in creating a culture of acceptance and tolerance of differences. Internal Communication: Though worldwide communication is normally an advantage, internal communication is often more challenging when employees have cultural and language barriers. Again, diversity management is required. However, organizations with the multicultural workforces have many other obstacles or deterrents to overcome. Management Cost and Time: The inquiry of workers complaints regarding unsupportive and negative attitudes or harassments takes up a large amount of cost and time of management, instead of whether they upheld or not (Kuznetsov, 2014). Women as global business leaders With the growing value of the worldwide business as well as global relations, it is very crucial to interpreting what is going on nowadays in terms of women as global leaders. Everyone must realize that many changes are required to happen in this category as this affects their career (Weideman, 2011). Considering the career path of women, especially in the field of business, and their roles and participation in today's world by examining the present situation of women in higher positions in the workplace might help to gain a very clear image of the current reality and hopefully provide the image of the current changing situation of women in business innovation. Prospering women business leaders mostly help in knowing as how to effectively assemble the puzzle pieces of business life together (Visciola, 2009). According to the majority of researchers, women are also capable of holding a position of business leaders as compared to men. As per the new research survey on the womens leader ship in business, many people find women more efficient than men on the leadership traits like intelligence or skills for the cultural innovation and they are stronger, compassionate, as well as organized leaders than men ("Reviewing innovation effort", 2008). Conclusion This study concludes that the Innovation is the way for developing or expanding new things in business. In the business sector, the term Culture of Innovation often means commercialization of innovative ideas, products, inventions, resources and designs. It has also been concluded that the Innovation is not only an ad-hoc thought, but it is considered as an improvement in business culture. Companies should encourage an innovative culture in their businesses to promote an uninterrupted flow of new ideas and thoughts. If any company wishes to sustain and inspire innovation, the culture of innovation is necessary. Whereas there are several other variations as well as hybrids in the innovation culture, however the basic constituent remains consistent. References Abramson, M. Littman, I. (2002).Innovation. Lanham, Md.: Rowman Littlefield. Armengol Aspar, C. (2000). Innovation and culture change or culture change and innovation. Which came first?.Educar,27, 151. Bagaryakov, A. Nikulina, N. (2012). Investigation of economic security in terms of relations innovation security innovation culture.Economy Of Region, 178-185. Edralin, D. (2007). Human capital development for innovation in Asia: Training and development practices and experiences of large Philippine companies.Asian Journal Of Technology Innovation,15(1), 133-147. Kamau-Maina, R. (2009). Encouraging Youth Entrepreneurship.The International Journal Of Knowledge, Culture, And Change Management: Annual Review,9(10), 107-118. Korean and American Companies in Cyberspace: Comparing Public Relations Models Reflected in Web Sites. (2003).JAPC,13(1), 75-94. Kuznetsov, N. (2014). Management Innovation Companies Based Business Cost Indicators.Asian Social Science,10(17). Larson, J. (2004). Demythologizing Innovation: Steven Usselman, Regulating Railroad Innovation.Technology And Culture,45(1), 159-161. Reviewing innovation effort. (2008).Strategic Direction,24(10), 32-34. Visciola, M. (2009). Feature People-centered innovation or culture evolution?.Interactions,16(6), 42. Weideman, A. (2011). Overcoming resistance to innovation: Suggestions for encouraging change in language teaching.Per Linguam,18(1).

Polythene Pollution Essay Example

Polythene Pollution Paper Additionally these microanalysis in presence of IV ray can absorb Pubs (polycarbonate phenyl) causing a greater toxic effect in Polythene debris can transport organic pollutants in the seas and water. Coca ins. ; Many marine organ minims like bryozoans, barnacles, polyphosphates, crabs and mollusks inhabit on plastic and are transported along with the ocean current to the new sites where they act as alien species upsetting the ecological balance of the site. ; Polythene , a petroleum product is a suspected human carcinogen or cancer-causing agent. In studies with mice, polyethylene has been linked to cancer of the colon. When these bags come in direct contact with food, as in packaging, chemicals within the bag can each out into the food and contaminate it. When burned they release cancer- ; Polythene can also cause AIDS and thrombosis. Causing gases. ; About 1 billion sea animals die each year by ingesting polythene bags mistakenly. The plastic bags on ingestion may wrap around their gut or they choke them to death. Steps to Combat Polythene Pollution ; Plastic polythene bags must be banned altogether or by levying tax on plastic bags, polythene pollution may be checked. Polythene materials may be considered for recycling. Very few fractions of polythene containers an be recycled like polythene containers for soft drink, milk, water bottles. ; People must be encouraged to use wax paper instead of polyethylene products, to use cloth or hemp or jute or paper bags instead of plastic bags. ; More public awareness has to be created explaining about the harmful impact of polythene pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on Polythene Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Polythene Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Polythene Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Advantages and Disadvantages of Polythene: Polythene is mainly used for the packaging purposes. Polythene is found to be a lightweight material. It’s also defined as a thermoplastic material. This polythene is mainly made from the substance called ethylene. These also having many of the properties for the composition. This is mainly used for the consumer products. Polythene is having many advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of Polythene The advantages of polythene are given below, ; Polythene has one of the advantages of lightweight material, which is mainly used for the packaging purposes. ; Polythene also finds an important component in the spoilage Of food. In reduces the food Wastage. ; The Polythene ducting is very much suitable for the air coolers, fans, heater equipment, and air handling units. By the usage of polythene bags it is very much compatible for the consumers. It is useful than the glass or paper. ; Polythene has also finds the advantage of transparency. One can easily view the materials inside the polythene bags. Disadvantages of Polythene The disadvantages of polythene are given below, ; Polythene is defined as one of the harmful substances, when we throw it in the soil it will easily damage the plant life. The soil particles are also ad managed. ; Polythene is also having the disadvantages of damaging the water particles. The toxic chemicals present in the making of polythene will damage the plants and animals easily. It also damages the ecosystems of aquatic and marine. ; Polythene gas one of the disadvantages in the pipe blocking. If we use the [polythene in the pipe blocking it will leads to free flow of the water particles. ; If the polythene chemicals are inhaled by the animal’s means, it damages the abdominal cavity of the animal. ; If we preserve food items in the colorful polythene bag, it also harmful because the color of the bag contains the chemicals like lead and the cadmium.

Research for Metabolism

Research for Metabolism for Metabolism Steven Dowshen in his article Teens health claims that metabolism is the chain of chemical reaction that takes place in the body. In other words, metabolism as a process converts food into fuel, which is very important for the organism: from growing to moving.It is important to mention, that metabolism is a life long process. It starts when we are conceived and finish as soon as we die. Without the metabolism, life is impossible. The energy body receives from the food we eat. One of the ways to harvest energy is cellular respiration, which helps to create the way for producing the adenosine triphosphate, or well-known ATP (Bailey, 2009). ATF is high-energy molecule. It transfers energy from chemical bonds to energy absorbing reactions, or endergonic, within the cell. ATP has structure. It consists of the adenine nucleotide and two other phosphate groups. Adenine nucleotide includes ribose sugar, adenine base and PO4-2 (phosphate group). When adenosine is bonded to a phosphate group, makes adenosine monophosphate or in other words AMP. From the Figure 1 can say that ATP I very similar to the building blocks for DNA. From adenosine diphosphate or ADP, AMP can be joined by dehydration. Via hydrolysis the energy can be released again and reaction can be in one-way direction or another. High-energy bonds are those who hold the last two phosphate groups. As a result it takes a lot energy to create the bond. Usually the bond is symbolized as ~. In ATP high-energy bonds store the energy and transport it later by moving ATP in other place somewhere in the cell. Glycolysis is the process of splitting sugar into molecules of a three-carbon sugar. In the process of glycolysis are involved two molecules of ATP, two high-energy Needham molecules and two molecules of pyruvic. One important thing about glycolysis it can occure with or without oxygen. If oxygen is present the first stage is cellular respirarion. Without oxygen cells can make a small amount of ATP. The first step proceeds in the cells cytoplasm. From ATP the phosphate group is transferred to glucose 6 phosphate. After this glucose 6 phosphate is transferred with the enzyme phosphoglucoisomerase into its isomer fructose 6 phosphate. The formula is the same, though the atoms of the molecule are arranged differently. Then, on the hird stage, the enzyme phosphoglucoisomerase with the help of another ATP molecule transfers a phosphate group to fructose 6 phosphate and then to 1, 6 bisphosphate. With the help of enzyme aldolase, on the fourth stage 1, 6 bisphosphate is splited into two sugars: dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde phosphate (Bailey, 2012). During the six step the enzyme triose phosphate dehydrogenase has two main functions. One is that the enzyme transfers the hydrogen from glyceraldehydes phosphate. The other is that enzyme triose phosphate dehydrogenase adds a phosphate from the cytosol to the oxidized glyceraldehyde phosphate. Then enzyme phosphoglycerokinase transfers phosphate from 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate to a molecule of ADP to form ATP. In the process are involved two 3 photoglycerate molecules and two molecules of ATP. On the eight step, the enzyme phosphoglyceromutase relocates the phosphate from 1, 3 bisphosphoglycerate from the third carbon. After this the enzyme enolase removes a molecule of water from 2 phosphoglycerate. As the last step, enzyme pyruvate kinase transfers phosphate from PEP to ADP in order to form pyruvic acid and ATP (Bailey, 2012). During the Krebs cycle occur three main stages. In the process is produced guanosine triphosphate, which gives a phosphate group to ADP to form one ATP. After this, three molecules of NAD are reduced, as well as one molecule of FAD. With the help of GTP forms one molecule of ATP. Between the NAD and FAD is a fascinating process of cell energy creating. This is thanks to the donation of the electrons of NADH and FADH2, which generate the most of the energy to form molecules of the ATP. There are also few basic steps in electron transport. Usually they are called complex. So complex I remove electrons from NADH and then transfers to a lipid soluble carrier. Within the membrane the reduce is free to diffuse. Producing the proton gradient across the membrane moves four protons (H+) at the same time. As a result, on the sites of Complex I produces oxygen and one harmful radical superoxide. Next Complex serves top funnel additional electrons. Usually in the quinine pool (Q). as a result electrons from succinate move to Q. in the process of the Complex II are involved SDHA, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD proteins. Most electrons are produced without proton gradient. Complex III may leak electrons. So mostly superoxide are formed. They are highly toxic types. As a result, they make a huge contribution to the pathology and development of a wide range of diseases. The fourth complex removes electrons (four of them) from four molecules of cytochrome and transfers them straight to the molecular oxygen. While this, it moves four protons across the membrane, producing inthis way proton gradient. In addition, with the help of the prokaryotic cells maximum of 38 ATP molecules can be produced. As for anaerobic respiration in the muscles, this is a reaction on the processes which take place in the organisms cells. Biomechanical energy is converted into adenosine triphosphate, also a well-known ATP. Thre is no need in oxygen and the process is observed in the cytoplasm. every reaction is supported by the glycolysis. The ATP produces two molecules per one molecule of glucose. Reaction is short-term and as result the main function is to produce energy without oxygen using lactic acid fermentation (especially in muscle cells) or alcohol fermentation. Despite the muscles cells, in the process are involved cells yeast, prokaryotes. For aerobic respiration are used most cells. The NADH is recycled by using the ETC. The main function lies in producing energy from food: sugars, lipids and proteins. This process has a indefinitely sustainability, as a result ATP produces 38 molecules per molecule glucose. To achieve such result few different stages are involved in the process: mainly glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and Krebs cycle. The reaction is observed as in cytoplasm, so in mitochondria. Nevertheless, this process can happen only if there is oxygen. Metabolism is important for us, because without it the organism will die. Only metabolism the whole organism helps to function as on unit, supporting and proving all necessary energy for living.

Chemical Composition of the Human Body

Chemical Composition of the Human Body Many of the elements found throughout nature are also found within the body. This is the chemical composition of the average adult human body in terms of elements and also compounds. Major Classes of Compounds in the Human Body Most of the elements are found within compounds. Water and minerals are inorganic compounds. Organic compounds include fat, protein, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Water:  Water is the most abundant chemical compound in living human cells, accounting for 65 percent to 90 percent  of each cell. Its also present between cells. For example, blood and cerebrospinal fluid are mostly water.Fat: The percentage of fat varies from person to person, but even an obese person has more water than fat.Protein: In a lean male, the percentages of protein and water are comparable. Its about 16 percent  by mass. Muscles, including the heart, contain a lot of muscle. Hair and fingernails are protein. Skin contains a large amount of protein, too.Minerals: Minerals account for about 6 percent  of the body. They include salts and metals. Common minerals include sodium, chlorine, calcium, potassium, and iron.Carbohydrates: Although humans use the sugar glucose as an energy source, there isnt that much of it free in the bloodstream at any given time. Sugar and other carbohydrates only account for about 1% of body mass. Elements in the Human Body Six elements  account for 99%  of the mass of the human body. The acronym CHNOPS may be used to help remember the six key chemical elements that are used in biological molecules. C is carbon, H is hydrogen, N is nitrogen, O is oxygen, P is phosphorus, and S is sulfur. While the acronym is  a good way to remember the identities of the elements, it doesnt reflect their abundance. Oxygen is the most abundant element in the human body accounting for approximately 65% of a persons mass. Each water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom, but the mass of each oxygen atom is much higher than the combined mass of the hydrogen. In addition to being a component of water, oxygen is essential for cellular respiration.Carbon is contained in all organic compounds, which is why carbon is the second most abundant element in the body, accounting for about 18% of body mass. Carbon is found in proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Its also found in carbon dioxide.Hydrogen atoms are the most numerous type of atom in a human, but because they are so light, they only make up around 10% of the  mass. Hydrogen is in water, plus its an important electron carrier.Nitrogen is about 3.3% of body mass. Its found in proteins and nucleic acids.Calcium accounts for 1.5% of body mass. Its used to build bones and teeth, plus its important for muscle contraction. Phosphorus is about 1% of body mass. This element is found in nucleic acids. Breaking bonds connecting phosphate molecules is a major component of energy transfer.Potassium is around 0.2-0.4% of the mass of a person. Its used in nerve conduction. Potassium is a key cation or positively-charged ion in the body.Sulfur is found in some amino acids and proteins. Its about 0.2-0.3% of body mass.Sodium, like potassium, is a positively-charged ion. Its about 0.1-0.2% of body mass. Sodium helps regulate the electrolyte balance in the body and maintain homeostasis with respect to the volume of water in the blood and cells.Although aluminum and silicon are abundant in the earths crust, they are found in trace amounts in the human body.Other trace elements include metals, which are often cofactors for enzymes. Trace elements include iron, cobalt, zinc, iodine, selenium, and flourine. Element Percent by Mass Oxygen 65 Carbon 18 Hydrogen 10 Nitrogen 3 Calcium 1.5 Phosphorus 1.2 Potassium 0.2 Sulfur 0.2 Chlorine 0.2 Sodium 0.1 Magnesium 0.05 Iron, Cobalt, Copper, Zinc, Iodine trace Selenium, Fluorine minute amounts Sources Anke M. (1986). Arsenic. In: Mertz W. ed., Trace elements in human and Animal Nutrition, 5th ed. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. pp. 347-372.Chang, Raymond (2007). Chemistry, Ninth Edition. McGraw-Hill. pp. 52.Emsley, John (2011). Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. OUP Oxford. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.Subcommittee on the Tenth Edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances, Food and Nutrition Board; Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council (February 1989). Recommended Dietary Allowances: 10th Edition. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-04633-6.Zumdahl, Steven S. and Susan A. (2000). Chemistry, Fifth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 894. ISBN 0-395-98581-1.

Organisations succeed when they develop competitive advantages Essay

Organisations succeed when they develop competitive advantages - Essay Example Competitive advantage is gained when companies can provide a better quality of products than other players in the same industry. Companies should consider strategies to deal with the markets that involve new routine and tact. Strategies like setting trend don’t are not likely to kick off well if there are other companies in the market already while imitating the already existing trends may not work especially if other organizations have turned to differentiating their own products. Depending on the specific products an organization is bringing into the market, it is important to realize other companies with the same product and differentiate them. Differentiating products by branding and advertising is a major step in peering through competition (Coker, 2000). It is also important to look into the different ways of expanding on the same product a firm is creating to be at a level ahead of the competition; for example when an aviation company extends to creating a school of avi ation to offer courses and training that is especially for their firm. It is also useful to consider taking your consumers’ needs into account and seeking their expectations, for example how they like to have their coffee, with creamer or not. This will enhance on further differentiation of products according to customers’ needs and aids with winning their loyalty. ... Organizations should also take advantage of public documents like analysts reports for public companies and into market analysis. When other rival companies experience certain challenges, they become opportunities for these companies. When those companies makes successes they yet open an opportunity to think of better unexploited chances that may extend from those of their counterparts. In strategizing, it is important to come up with a plan that works around your competitor’s weaknesses as well as their strengths. One should identify other companies’ weaknesses to make adjustments to them so they can be a step ahead and give their customers a reason to prefer their products. Knowing your counterparts strengths on the other hand, helps you realize how further than them you can get ahead when you use those strengths and upgrade them where you can. They should work around what the other firm is selling, what their resources are and how easy they obtain those resources. In situations where the resource availability is not favorable to the competitors for example raw material location favors your own company. This would be an opportunity to trade with your competitor and gain a little control over them. In other situations where companies have sole control of resources that are either rare or are delicate to handle or are too expensive to manage for example while dealing with precious stones like gold and diamond (Adcock, 2000). It is also important to consider the population of the market, how many people are being targeted for a particular product. If possible a large population of consumers only improve on the quantity of units sold and helps the companies establish a base of consumer loyalty. This base allows

Developments of Music and How the Internet Has Changed the Music Essay

Developments of Music and How the Internet Has Changed the Music Industry for Artists - Essay Example Later on in the century, other modifications had to be fixed to the mechanism to enable audio playback for the sounds captured by the device (Inglis 2006, p. 111). This was essentially in the form of a phonograph, which was pioneered by Thomas Edison. The phonograph enabled for the reproduction of the recorded music as opposed to the phonautograph that only enabled recording but no playback. An advancement of the phonograph led to the invention of the world renowned gramophone, which then set a new bar in the production of, and recording of musical pieces. Emile Berliner held the patent for the gramophone, thereby cementing her name in the music production history. It also brought the onset of disks as a medium for storing sound pieces and later on allowing for their playback through a form of rotational mechanism. However, all these advancements in the production of music still relied on mechanical mechanisms, as their periods of invention fell within the time that could not allow f or integration with electricity (Fenlon 2009, p. 243). The onset of electronic recording was in the early 20th century, and this greatly improved the recording and production of music. This was especially with the advent of the microphone, which replaced the initial mechanical means of recording sound. After the introduction of the electric forms of music recording, most of the music production processes adopted the microphone as the chief equipment for recording music (Goetschius & Tapper 2001, p. 211). This was still reliant upon discs where the electronic recording would be applied either on a single side or on both sides of the disc. Furthermore, another breakthrough in the line of music recording came with the invention of magnetic form of music recording. This was through an... This essay approves that music production has been highly modernized in respect to technological advancements. This is especially since the first forms of music production were an easy task that involved neither a lot of people nor any forms of complex instruments or mechanisms. The pioneering music production mechanisms involved quick processes that took only a couple of days and the music would have been produced. These early forms of recording, such as acoustical recording mechanisms, involved live and direct recording of the music on a medium. Through this, music was passed through some medium to finally reach the audience. This report makes a conclusion that upcoming artists need not be within recording studios as they can easily send their raw musical compositions to producers through the internet who then process it and give them feedback still through the internet. On a general outlook, the internet is used throughout the production of music in the contemporary world. All processes ranging from the recording to the advertising and distribution is web based and the process has been made even faster. The development of music from the initial phases pioneered by Thomas Edison to the era of the internet in relation to music production has highly influenced the trends in how music has developed. All the stages have been essential in music transformation, with the internet being the most revolutionary in most perspectives.

Estee Lauder Essay Example for Free

Estee Lauder Essay I. BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY Està ©e Lauder Companies, Inc. founded by Estee Lauder and her husband Joseph in 1946 started by selling four skin care products invented by her chemist uncle in beauty salons and hotels. The enterprise established their first department store account with Saks Fifth Avenue in New York in 1947. By 1960, Estee Lauder was an international manufacturer and marketer, selling their products in the famous Harrods Department Store in London. In the subsequent years, they opened outlets in Central America, Denmark, Hong Kong, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Belgium, New Zealand and Switzerland. Today, Estee Lauder markets its products through different brands in more than 140 countries and territories. It also holds the global license for fragrances and cosmetics. The company consists of a collection of prestige brands targeted at a diverse selection of consumers. The group’s portfolio of brands includes the most recognized labels for mature customers (Estee Lauder, Clinique, Prescriptives, Aramis, and La Mer), eco-correct labels (Aveda and Origins), as well as hip labels (M.A.C., Bobbi Brown, Tommy Hilfiger, Donna Karan, Stila, Jo Malone, Bumble and Bumble, Kate Spade, jane, Darphin and Smashbox). The Estee Lauder Companies is an organization which engages in the manufacturing, marketing, and sale of several beauty products. The company is divided into four sectors, skin care, makeup, fragrance, and hair care. Estee Lauder is based in New York City and currently employs 32,300 people. The products are mostly marketed through department stores, specialty retailers, upscale perfumeries, pharmacies, salons, and spars. Additionally products are sold at company owned free standing stores and through e-commerce in selected countries. The company is still controlled by the Lauder family, which controls about 70% of the voting shares. Estee Lauder’s grandson is currently the chairman of the board of directors. II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This case analysis attempts to determine the most effective strategies Estee Lauder must use in the Philippines. To determine the main objective of this case the researchers focuses on the major components of the case analysis which are as follows: A. Market Analysis 1. To what extent will the Filipino consumer will support or use Estee Lauder products? 2. What are demographic profiles of the target users of Estee lauder in the Philippines? 3. What are the information needs of the Filipino consumer to divert their patronage to Estee Lauder products? B. Technical Analysis 1. Based on the needs of the Filipinos what would consist the basic collection of Estee Lauder products that should be put up into Philippine markets? 2. Where the possible locations that will effectively inform and market to the Filipino consumer the Estee Lauder products? III. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The primary objective of this study is to determine the most effective strategies Estee Lauder must use in the Philippines using market analysis and technical analysis. A. Market Analysis 1. To determine the perception of the Filipino consumer on Estee Lauder products versus other beauty product competitors. 2. To verify the demographic profiles of the target users of Estee lauder in the Philippines. 3. To determine the information needs of the Filipino consumer to divert their patronage to Estee Lauder products. A. Technical Analysis 1. To enumerate the possible collection of Estee Lauder products that should be put up into Philippine markets? 2. To plot possible locations that will effectively inform and market to the Filipino consumer the Estee Lauder products. IV. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS A. Analysis of the Macro environment 1. Demographic Environment In the next 20 years, there would be an expected growth of sales of cosmetic products because roughly 70 million people around the world will reach an income that will allow them to purchase such kind of product. In the next 40 years, aging population in the world will multiply by 2.5 times. With an increase in the world’s aging population, life expectancy would improve too. 2. Social and Technological Environment Social environment is a broad concept which may be affected by all factors to be considered in making analysis in the Macro environment of the company. There is a significant factor that may affect sale of products easily. Majority of the Filipino consumers especially those who live in the National Capital Region may support products easily because of the practice called mental colonialism. What is imported is better. Of course it is! Filipinos tend to patronize imported products most especially those that are known for years. In fact, products made by the Estee Lauder Company are sold in some known malls all over the Metro Manila region. May it be cosmetics or fragrances; consumer will buy it as long as they have the money. Social media affects Filipinos perception about a certain thing. If there is one thing that Estee Lauder to focus on in trying to caught more attention from Filipinos, it shall be in the social media. I have noticed that they cannot be seen in the TV commercials, radio stations or even print ads. They appear in print ads but rarely with the local magazines. Since Estee Lauder is based in London, cosmetics are mostly designed for the white people. This company should create cosmetics that are compatible with the Asian skin especially to the Filipinos. Filipinos are fond of social networking sites which may be an advantage of Estee Lauder to advertise products internationally easily and can hear feedbacks with just a click. Since Estee Lauder prices ranges from mid-high to high, not all Filipinos can afford to have a single product on their pouches. Mid-range to elite people may patronize the product continuously but not those who are tight with the budget. Filipinos should be aware that though it may be a little expensive, the bill spent is worth every product. It has been a practice that those who can’t have those products, shift to an imitation of the original. I believe, these products should be innovated even more where in all Filipinos can afford to use Estee Lauder products in their daily routine. They should know the big difference between the original and the imitation. What is it? We should see it ourselves. 3. Economic Environment All sectors of the cosmetics industry showed growth in the Philippines in 2008/2009, according to Euromonitor. Beauty and personal care sales were US$2.26bn, a 2% rise year on year. The highest growth was in colour cosmetics (7.9%), skin care (6.3%), deodorants (4.3%), hair care (4%) and fragrance (2.9%). The mass market is dominant in the Philippines, accounting for 96.3% of all bath and shower sales. As elsewhere in the southeast Asian region, the major players are foreign multinationals – Unilever, followed by Procter Gamble, L’Orà ©al, Està ©e Lauder and Shiseido, according to the trade association Chambers of Cosmetics Industry of the Philippines (CCIP). In the beauty and personal care sector, Colgate-Palmolive is the third largest company, behind Unilever – who in 2009 adopted a strategy of offering smaller-sized packaging, targeted at middle and lower income consumers – and Procter Gamble, according to Euromonitor. The economic slowdown in the Philippines has prompted growth in direct selling. Companies such as US-owned Avon and Philippines-based Ever Bilena Cosmetics adopted commitments to boosting revenues through discounts and tapped into a female labour market keen to increase household incomes. The market appears to be remaining vibrant. Between January 2009 and January, 2010, 511 new cosmetics products were launched in the Philippines, according to market research group Mintel – the highest number (176) was in skin care, followed by soap and bath products (131) and hair products (108). B. Competitive Analysis 1. Intensity of the Rivalry Among Existing Competitors Està ©e lauder’s brands face great competition in the cosmetics industry. Internationally it competes with Loreal, Avon, Revlon, Elizabeth Arden and Bare Escentuals. Though there are a lot of competitors in the industry, Estee lauder consists of various products that competes on each of them. Està ©e Lauder’s all-natural products face competition from Bare Esentuals. Its mid-end products compete against Revlon, Avon, and Elizabeth Arden. Additions to these competitors are the local companies in the Philippines like Ever Bilena and Careline. Rivalry intensifies because there are a lot of companies that are in to beauty products. Competition is more intense because of the local brands that use price cuts or other marketing tactics to boost unit volume. And because most Filipinos are thrifty, rivalry is stronger when the cost incurred by customers to switch their purchases from one brand, like Estee Lauder to another, like Careline, are low. Competitors might get a close competition with some EL products. But because of its variations of beauty products Estee lauder possesses, it still rises above the others internationally. Its professional makeup brands, M.A.C. and Bobbi Brown face significantly less competition because of their target marked of specialized clientele. In more than 25 years, Ever Bilena has become the number one Filipino brand. It has penetrated an industry dominated by global giants, and have made products best suited for our Filipina consumers with international quality at affordable price. Ever Bilena and Careline cater products that are way too cheap compare to EL and other international beauty companies. Ever Bilena and Careline target market are different from the target market of EL. They target teenagers who need beauty products for their everyday use. It outwits EL by selling their products in a very low price. Our country is considered as third world so along with that it gives EB and Careline the edge among competitors because of the market it targets, basically the Masa. Estee lauder is known for its reputation and expertise in beauty products. EL has been in the industry for years. They have gained loyal customers as time pass by, and as quality of their products improved along with it. They got an edge among other competitors just by the name it carries. But in the Philippines, those who cannot afford high-end beauty products will definitely not patronize Estee lauder products. It’s a really tough completion EL have in the Philippines, but it still stand a chance in competing with other local products because of the colonial mentality of the Filipino, love for foreign products. 2. Threat of the New Entrants Locally, the barrier is high but we can say that there is a great chance of any other aspiring businessman to enter into the industry. Economies of scale act as a great barrier to entry, and with EL, its sales for the past few years. The Estee Lauder Companies Inc. today reported a strong financial performance for its fourth quarter and fiscal year ended June 30, 2012 based on the financial statement posted via internet. In line with these facts gathered, we can say that the stability of the company is very strong that becomes a barrier for new entrants. Its capital requirement established in the industry by Estee Lauder is so large that it becomes a discouragement for the new companies planning to enter the industry. Another barrier is the Estee Lauder product differentiation. It offers different products that create a barrier by forcing entrants to incur expenditure to overcome existing customer loyalties. New entrants must spend a great deal of money and time to overcome this barrier. Filipinos will always patronize products that are affordable and with good quality. They can enter the industry by taking the form of aggressive price-cutting and increased in advertising. Estee Lauder is considered as high-end beauty products for the Filipinos. Only few can afford to buy fragrances, skin cares and make-up Estee Lauder offers. If the new entrant penetrates in the market by having the strategy of offering its products in a relatively low- price, it will definitely boom Filipino consumers. Watson beauty care, easily took Filipino patronage by selling different variety of products in a low prices. The barrier is really high when it comes to reputation and quality. But in the Philippines, the door in entering the industry is very much open to those who are willing to produce quality products in affordable prices. 3. Bargaining Power of the Buyers The consumers can bargain in this industry simply because they are the buyers purchases are a sizable percentage of the selling industrys total sales. The products are unimportant to the quality of the customers product or service. The item being purchased is sufficiently standardized among sellers that not only can buyers find alternative sellers. 4. Bargaining Power of the Suppliers Suppliers do not play a big roll and have little bargaining power in this market. Big brands like Està ©e Lauder develop essential ingredients in their own RD department, and only outsource basic and non-value-adding chemicals and packaging. 5. Threats of Product Substitute As a rule, the lower the price of substitutes and the higher the quality and performance of substitutes, the more intense are the competitive pressures posed by substitute products. We Filipinos go for the ones that are almost free of charge that gives us the same result that a costly product offers. We are the most resourceful race. Filipinos are naturally creative and imaginative people. Filipinos can invent a lot of things to substitute any products just so they can save money. We are also fan of herbal products which is the result of our being authentic Filipinos. Along with these ideas, the threats of product substitute are very high in the Philippines. Though Estee Lauder produce a brands, Aveda and Clinique, which focus on producing products made with natural ingredients and anti-allergens, many will still go for the naturals, literally, to make their skin or hair really good. V. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Threats: * Intense competition in cosmetics has increased and market initiators with quality providers are a serious threat to the firm. * New entrants, even though the market has considerably mature in the sense that it has captured customer loyalty, but there is always room for improvement in this field. * Counterfeit commodities affect the sales of the branded commodities. 9%, according to the Global Congress on Combating Counterfeiting, of all the world trade comprises counterfeit goods. Opportunities: * New markets are emerging in various countries where the firm can inject its products, such as India, China (known to be the 2nd largest cosmetics market in Asia) etc. * Markets where wealthy rule is also a good opportunity to tap in because of the tendency of the wealthy to own luxury commodities. * Many nations are growing to be beauty conscience every passing day; the firm will do well in order to tap-in without any delay and initiate in order to get customer loyalty attached to its products. * Diversification of the distribution channels. * Expansion to global markets, worldwide. Weaknesses: * Lack of concentration regarding customer value (Client.) * Profit oriented (loses sight of the customer) * Weak Liquidity Position (decline in the firm’s liquidity in the past few years.) * Distribution Network’s lack of reach to other viable markets. * Declining operating income in various market marks the weak penetration of the products in those specific markets. Strengths: * Strong Brand Reputation (The brand is associated with luxury quality. Also has a strong brand portfolio). * Research Development (Role model and leader in identifying consumer needs, and preferences and developing products accordingly). * Strong Distribution Network (The products are sold to a limited stores that compliments the image of the brands such as department stores, upscale perfumeries, specialty stores, professional hairdressers etc. specially in U.S.) * Vigorous Revenue Profitability (Net Earnings for fiscal year 2010 $478 million while Net sales were $7.8 billion.) * 31,000 employees working under its umbrella, full-time. (approximate value) * Products are sold in more than 150 countries. * Powerful marketing techniques used by the firm: Free Gift, Gift-With-Purchase, Makeup Artist Events (for trying out the new products) etc. * Operations and cost maintenance with the firm holds a strong positive attitude in the long run. * Regulations are increasing due to the voicing of different groups about harmful chemical ingredients in cosmetic products. VI. GENERIC STRATEGIES Differentiation â€Å"Differentiation is a competitive business strategy whereby firms attempt to gain a competitive advantage by increasing the perceived value of their products and services relative to the perceived value of other firm’s products and services† – Charles W.L. Hill, Gareth R. Jone No other companies has done better than Estee Lauder company. They are already on top but the concept of being unique or different is far more important today that it was years ago. The company should consider strategies in differentiation. First, they can use quality/price differentiation for Estee Lauder. The company can improve more on the quality of their cosmetic products so that customers will build loyalty to the company. Next, said company could use product differentiation by adding more features, specifications, design or the image, packaging and benefits on their products. Also, they can use differentiation by repositioning. To regain its position as a premium product, Està ©e Lauder must reposition itself. A successful repositioning would require the Està ©e Lauder brand to develop a clear brand image and provide its customers with something that is unique. There are a few possibilities that Està ©e Lauder could take; Està ©e Lauder could emphasize the natural ingredients in a product, the romance and sexiness, or the technology involved in a product. Another possibility for Està ©e Lauder would be to create a new brand image through the release of a sub-brand. In considering each of these strategies, it is also important to take into account how Està ©e Lauder’s competitors will react. Natural Ingredients. Currently, Està ©e Lauder’s customers are not interested in the naturalness of the ingredients used in Està ©e Lauder skincare products. This is evidenced by the fact that Està ©e Lauder does not promote the natural ingredients and yet they still have customers. To redefine the brand as one that emphasizes natural products might ostracize the current Està ©e Lauder customers. In addition to this, the natural ingredient skincare market is not high-end. The main competitors in that market are Biotherm and Clarins. These brands are well recognized by those customers that place natural ingredients above technology; however, they cannot demand as high a price as Està ©e Lauder for their skincare products. This would not be a wise move for Està ©e Lauder. Romance. Another option for Està ©e Lauder would be to position the brand so that it is appealing for those women who desire the romance and sexiness that is associated with cosmetics. This positioning strategy would place Està ©e Lauder in direct competition with Lancà ´me. As Lancà ´me is a French brand, it already has an advantage over Està ©e Lauder as France is widely associated with romance. The Està ©e Lauder brand would have to work very hard to overcome Lancà ´me’s natural advantage. A first glance comparison of an Està ©e Lauder and a Lancà ´me booth at Macy’s will show that Està ©e Lauder’s image is lacking the luscious, red lips of Lancà ´me. Instead, Està ©e Lauder’s image is of the elegant Carolyn Murphy and Liya Kebede. Their images are beautiful but distant and lacking passion. To rework this image would be extremely difficult. Direct competition with Lancà ´me would also be unfavorable. By more heavily emphasizing its technology, Està ©e Lauder also has the opportunity to occupy the trendy end of the technology market as opposed to being a complete dermatologist-brand. This is due to the elegance and fashion that is associated with Està ©e Lauder. Presently, the bestsellers in the skincare market in general are anti-aging formulas. In the growing Asian skincare market, the bestsellers are anti-aging and whitening formulas. Both these formulas rely heavily on technology, so it is a good time for dermatologist-brands to enter the market. By occupying the trendy end of the technology market, Està ©e Lauder will have a good position against these strong new entrants. VII. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION Estee Lauder can implement Horizontal Integration where the company will buy another company. If they really want to increase the sales in the Philippines, they can buy local brands and kill the competition. VIII. RECOMMENDATION/ CONCLUSION Based on the data gathered we can conclude the following: 1. Filipinos are aware of Estee Lauder and they consider this as a very high-end product. They patronize competing product that offers more reasonable price. Estee Lauder should formulate products that they can offer to Masa, a product for Filipinos. Same as to what L’Oreal did in the Philippines, when they introduced shampoo and conditioner that is close to the price of local brands. 2. Estee Lauder’s target market is middle-aged female whose buying power is relatively secure and thus are less price-sensitive. Filipinos are price sensitive, with that they should formulate strategy that is similar from the first conclusion. 3. Filipinos need lots of information about beauty care. We should be informed about the importance of Estee Lauder’s product, and what are the difference between their product to other companies and substitute product we are using. They should increase their advertisements in the Philippines. Technically, they are so known in the industry that they don’t need any advertisement, but Filipinos are fan of idiot box that they rely mostly to what they see on TV. 4. The collection should consist of products that can be offered to middle market. It should be affordable and with good quality. The collection should be focusing on whitening skin and affordable cosmetics. 5. Aside from department stores and exclusive beauty shops, Estee Lauder should try putting up a place for their products in drugs store like Mercury and Watsons, which include every product they offer. They are already doing this but just to chosen products. They should start advertising their cosmetic products to these places where people have easy access and this will help people to get familiar to Estee Lauder’s product.

Exemplification Essay: The Need to Improve the Apathetic Attitude of Yo

Are young people in today's society enamored with themselves? Do they care about others? Are they unfeeling; show little or no interest or emotion; unresponsive, indifferent; passionless or void of feeling? What is the cause or reason for apathy in young folks today that wasn't there a hundred years ago? Quite possibly it is a lack of mental stimulation. As responsible citizens of the United States, we should decide to not put up with indifference but encourage young people to get involved in their communities and to be concerned about what is going on in the government and around the world. We must not encourage the apathetic attitude that is creeping in on our young people today because our nation will end up with a population that has opinions but won't speak up and make a difference for what they believe in. An example of a current crisis is the majority of young adults, nationwide, who couldn't care less about who represents them on any level (Reflector). Although the majority of young Americans have particular views on nearly every issue at hand, they are becoming increasingly apathetic when it boils down to going to the polls and voting. This apathy may be due, in part, to the fact that a number of students think politicians seldom listen to their ideas and opinions. Because they feel ignored, some students are reluctant to vote, and although they may not realize it, their lack of concern is actually affecting politics itself. According to Alex Cole, founder of Democracy Matters, in the 2000 presidential election, less than 18% of the country's 18-24 year olds voted. Maybe a childhood filled with entertaining electronic devices has made them politically apathetic. But maybe they vote less because they don't see the po... ...different adults who only care about themselves. Parents, intellectually stimulate your children by teaching them life skills, by going on field trips, sending them outside to play, and spending quality family time together. Older children can broaden their own minds by participating in such activities. Don't let the apathetic community of young people influence you. "It will come about at that time that I will search Jerusalem with lamps, and I will punish the men who are stagnant in spirit, who say in their hearts, 'The LORD will not do good or evil!" (Zeph.1.12) Get excited about where you live and what you can do to help benefit your family life, church, community, and school, making a difference in the life of someone else. Commit yourself to making a positive change in someone's life--someone who quite possibly can't do it themselves. You make a difference!

John Milton: Chastity Overpowering Sexuality

Gennesis Carrion Professor Fulton 350:324 Chastity Overpowering Sexuality Even until present day, virginity is held in high esteem and considered a virtue, something sacred and worthy of praise. Being a virgin is a symbol of innocence, highly valued by religions and encouraged by them to remain so; it is something that only the bond of marriage is a worthy reason for its loss. Virginity is a symbol of purity, the intactness and immaculacy of the body and soul. It represents the body has remained untouched by sexual acts and the soul has remained untainted by sexual urges; both remain unmarked by acts of foreign mind and touch.Virginity is the prominent theme of Milton’s short playA Masque Presented at Ludlow Castle [Comus]. In mentioned play, Milton confines sexuality to exist only with accordance to the sanctity of a woman’s chastity. He uses mythological allusions to support the sacredness of chastity and utilizes the character of Comus as a symbol of the malevolent f actors at work tempting virginity to be abandoned for a more liberal sexuality whereas the character of the Lady is the personification of chastity.Before beginning the play, the textbook’s publisher provides some short background information in the preface. In such background, one learns Milton’s use of allegory between the characters in Masque with the Earl of Bridgewater and his family (the Egerton’s). The preface also states Masque’s â€Å"elevated conception of chastity was meant to disassociate the Egerton family from scandal†, such scandal being the Second Earl of Castlehaven’s (the brother-in-law of Bridgewater’s wife) indiscretions against his wife and female servants.This information provides readers a possible reason for Milton’s strong concern with chastity in Masque. Another possible reason could have been a commissioned purpose to aid the Earl of Bridgewater, and newly appointed Lord President of the Council of Wa les, to establish a credible and respectable impression and reputation. Milton accomplished this with basing the characters of Masque off of the Earl’s children with his two sons being the brothers in the play and with his daughter being the Lady, the cherished virgin of the play, although this basis was never clearly tated thereby remaining allegorical. When readers first encounter the Lady, she has become separated from her brothers and is lost wandering through the woods. She calls out welcoming â€Å"pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope†¦[and the] unblemished form of Chastity† to protect her through her excursion. Her choice of aid represents her regard for chastity; she places it in alliance with hope and faith, two aspects connected to religion and of high importance. Not only does the Lady place superior significance on chastity, but she herself is the personification of it.Readers can truly comprehend Milton’s perspective towards chastity specifically in the passage spoken by the Elder Brother (lines 420-475). Within this passage, the Elder Brother speaks of the honor and power that comes with a woman being chaste; he is referring to his sister, â€Å"She that has that, is clad in complete steel†¦ no savage fierce, bandit, or mountaineer will dare to soil her virgin purity†. The Lady is chaste, furthermore she is chastity, she has the protection which being so provides.Forms of evil will avoid her for that is to how far of an extreme virginity is held, that not even evil would take the risk of violating a woman’s purity. The Lady is free to roam the forest and â€Å"pass on with unblenched majesty†. She does not have to fret or fear any that may cross her path for none â€Å"hath hurtful power o’er true virginity†. Virginity, chastity, purity are the ultimate powers, the ultimate protection for a woman against harm to her body and her soul.Continuing with the passage of the Elder Brother, he also goes on to elaborate on what occurs when chastity is lost. He refers to the physical act of a woman losing her virginity (having sex) as letting in the â€Å"defilement to the inward parts†. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, defile means to bruise or maul and defilement as the act of being defiled therefore the act of being bruised or mauled; the use of this word to describe sex gives it an animalistic twist, a savage perspective.This causes sex to be viewed as an act too undignified and somewhat immoral to be committed by humans. Even religiously, sex is only meant for the purpose of procreating life, not as a means of pleasure. The Lady, being the personification of chastity, upholds all that is pure and denounces the vile obscenities caused by liberal sexuality: â€Å"that which is not good, is not delicious to a well-governed and wise appetite†. Her logic being that to those who have faith and cherish chastity would not fall to evil temptation and sexual urges.Those aforementioned evil temptations and sexual urges are what the character of Comus symbolizes. Instantly when Comus learns the existence of the Lady, once he hears her song, he is automatically drawn to her. Comus claims to have never heard â€Å"such sober certainty of waking bliss†; the sound he has heard is that of the Lady therefore bring the sound of true purity. Comus is instinctively attracted to the Lady and proclaims â€Å"she shall be [his] queen†. This attraction is an instinct, same as good versus evil or ying and yang; it is a balance of positive and negative forces.With the Lady being chastity in corporeal form and Comus being the personification of temptation, it is no surprise for Comus to desire to conquer the Lady and make her his wife thereby taking away her virginity. No longer being chaste, the Lady would then belong to him symbolizing purity falling for temptation. Comus attempts to entice the Lady by urging her to â€Å"be not coy, and be not cozened with that same vaunted name Virginity/ Beauty is Nature’s coin, must not be hoarded/ But must be current, and the good thereof/ Consists in mutual and partaken bliss†.Comus refers to virginity as vaunted, meaning it is a trait only desired for bragging of its possession; he does not hold it in high esteem such as the Lady whom places it next to hope and faith; Comus places it next to vanity, which is a deadly sin, therefore supporting his purpose of symbolizing evil and temptation. Milton utilizes various allusions to mythological accounts to support his extreme importance placed on chastity. He even states, â€Å"Do ye believe me yet, or shall I call/ Antiquity from the old schools of Greece to testify the arms of Chastity? . An example of such is when the Lady had been found captured and the Attendant Spirit called upon the Sabrina, Goddess of the river, for assistance to release the Lady from her entrapment. Sabrina fell victim to the jealous y of her stepmother and was thrown into the river; however since she was a â€Å"virgin pure†, the sea god Nereus took pity upon her and ordered her â€Å"quick immortal change’ into a river goddess while still maintaining her â€Å"maiden gentleness†.This allusion provides evidence of the power of virginity; due to Sabrina being chaste was she rewarded with immortality and an opportunity to remain in the mortal realm and utilize her newly-appointed power to aid those maidens in peril. Also, Sabrina retained her â€Å"maiden gentleness† meaning, although she is no longer considered a virgin for she is an immortal, she remains chaste; she remains untouched and pure and â€Å"un-defiled† as Milton would suggest. Sabrina’s purpose is to â€Å"help ensnared Chastity†, a reference towards the Lady, and therefore liberates the Lady with the touch of her â€Å"chaste palms†.Milton assures he refers to Sabrina’s palms as  "chaste† continuing with his constant and repetitive emphasis on the virtue of chastity. Whether the reason for Milton’s strong concern with chastity in Masque was a commissioned service or to convey personal views, the emphasis of chastity is still the main topic of this short play. With the use of allusions to mythological historical accounts and personification, Milton emphasizes the sacredness of virginity and the power it holds.In Masque, Milton creates a world in which chastity makes a woman close to, if not completely, invincible. She may roam through dangerous settings with no fear for evil itself is not courageous enough to dare place chastity at risk; she has the protection of Gods and Goddesses at her disposal if help is needed; if death were to occur, she has the chance of becoming rewarded with immortality or automatically be held in praise for having remained a virgin through life.Same as chastity is acclaimed, sexuality is denounced. Sexuality is made to appear animalistic, savage, vile, a complete dishonor. A woman who gives in into her sexual curiosity is doomed in life and considered a sinner in the next. She loses the virtues associated with chastity and becomes a victim of her own unwise decision to not hold virginity as sacred therefore constituting chastity as the dominating power sexuality must succumb to.

An Analysis of a Saint or Sinner through Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance

Merton’s strain theory presupposes that deviant and criminal behavior is a result of deprivation within the societal structures. This is due to a failed integration of socially accepted goals with the means to achieve them. Within this theory Merton provides five adaptation modes which people utilize to cope with the strain. These adaptations may end in either good adaptation or development of deviant/criminal behavior. Al Capone is an example of this theory as he is a possible example of innovation adaptation leading towards criminal behavior as symbolized by his success within the crime world of the 1930s. An Analysis of a Saint or Sinner through Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance American sociologist Robert K. Merton borrowed Durkheim's concept of anomie to create his own theory which he called the Strain Theory. The theory presupposes that delinquency is not merely a response to sudden social changes as theorized by Durkheim but is instead a result of a social structure that fails to integrate predetermined societal goals with the means to accomplish them. This structural disintegration leads to the formation of deviant behaviors and ultimately criminal behavior. According to the theory, there are five modes of adaptation that people form as a reaction towards the strain caused by the restriction from socially accepted goals and means. These are namely conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion. These adaptations can either lead to both positive and negative outcomes. For example, adaptation through retreatism can lead to social withdrawal and thus creates for a better likelihood of turning towards drug and alcohol abuse (Sociology at Hewett, 1999). As for another example, the well known and iconic American mobster Alphonsus ‘Al’ Capone is a possible outcome of the innovation mode of adaptation. Born to Italian immigrant parents, Al Capone didn’t have a privileged childhood. Together with seven other siblings, they lived in lower Brooklyn, a notably rough neighborhood. Al dropped out of school at the age of 14 and became a member of two kid gangs, the Brooklyn Rippers and Forty Thieves Juniors. Al Capone lived most of his life during the â€Å"gangland† era of American history to which he used his innovative skills to get ahead. The success of his mob organization, known as The Outfits, is solely credited to Al Capone’s organizational skills. Within five years of inheriting the organization from mentor Torrio, Capone has managed to take over most of the underground market of Chicago. Alternately, his rise to power also signaled the worst period of lawlessness America has ever faced (Chicago Historical Society, 1999 n. . ). Al Capone’s brilliant actions in the world of organized profiteering are classic examples of innovation leading to criminal behavior. Deprived by society’s structure of the means (education, opportunities) to attain the common goal of â€Å"good fortune through hard work,† Al Capone instead turned to the world of organized crime to attain his multi-million fortune. Deprivation is the primary cause of deviant behavior acc ording to the strain theory but this doesn’t limit deprivation to the economic sense only. If it were the case, then there won’t be any offenders in modern society who belonged to the capable and well-off , but as we all know that isn’t the case. In reality there are cases of privileged individuals who still manifest deviant or criminal behavior. Their behavior is still rooted in deprivation somewhere along the societal structure but this may imply other areas. Such areas may include metaphysical and psychological territories possibly including intellectual capacities, emotional quotients, psychologic anomalies and many more.

The Life Of Walt Disney Essays - Business, The Walt Disney Company

The Life Of Walt Disney Essays - Business, The Walt Disney Company The Life Of Walt Disney This book is about the life of Walt Disney, an American legend. The Arthur begins the tale with a view of the family before Walt Disney's birth on December 5,1901. In the first few pages after it goes on into describing the child within the man, his humor and his innocent view of the world through child's eyes. The next few chapters go on to describe various jobs he took as a child, the family conflicts within the home and the stern father that commanded obedience. The book touches slightly on how his brothers one by one left home, mainly because of disagreements with the father. It depicts the struggle of a young artist constantly trying to better himself and the fierce determination to succeed. Walt Disney did his best with every job he took but never gave up his dream of becoming a cartoonist. Everything he did was towards a goal one can say he was a self made man with ambition and drive. Through out the chapters it chronologically documents the successes and disappointments of th e artist and the businessman. The journey that Walt Disney took in order to succeed was one of many obstacles and personal setbacks.

Anatomy of Taste Buds

Anatomy of Taste Buds The oral cavity and its anatomy play a key role in understanding taste and its biological function in the human body. The oral cavity consists of your lips, cheeks, teeth, tongue and throat. The taste buds are the chemoreceptors that detect and relay taste stimuli. In order for the taste buds to detect the taste of food or drink, the molecule must be suspended in an aqueous solution, otherwise known as saliva. Most taste buds are found within specialized projections on the tongue called papillae (Seeley, Stephens, they do not house taste buds but they do provide the rough surface on the tongue that allows for easier manipulation of food (Seeley, Stephens, â€Å"Eight to 12 of these papillae form a V-shaped row along the border between the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue† (Seeley, Stephens, & Tate, 2008). Each person has roughly 10,000 taste buds on their tongue, and each taste bud contains three distinct types of specialized epithelial cells within them. â€Å"T he sensory cells of each taste bud consist of about 50 taste, or gustatory cells. The remaining two cell types, which are nonsensory cells, are basal cells and supporting cells† (Seeley, Stephens, & Tate, 2008). Each taste cell has gustatory hairs, which are specialized microvilli, that help direct the tastants, or substances dissolved in saliva, into the taste, or gustatory, pore (Seeley, Stephens, & Tate, 2008). Several secondary sensory neurons connect to each taste bud and release neurotransmitters when stimulated. Sensory information from the oral cavity can travel to the brain in three different ways. The tongue itself is broken down into thirds. Sensory information from the anterior, or front, two-thirds of the tongue is transmitted to the brain via a branch of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) called the chorda tympani (Seeley, Stephens, & Tate, 2008). Information from the posterior, or back, one-third of the tongue, the circumvallate papillae, and the superior phar ynx is carried by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) (Seeley, Stephens, & Tate, 2008). The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) transmits information from the epiglottis, which is located in the back of the throat (Seeley, Stephens, & Tate, 2008). The olfactory region also has a substantial role in taste so it warrants a brief anatomical discussion as well. Olfaction is our sense of smell and it is a response to odorants that stimulate sensory receptors that are located in the extreme superior region of the nasal cavity (Seeley, Stephens, & Tate, 2008). The ten million olfactory neurons that are located in the olfactory region of the nasal cavity then travel through foramen in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone in the bottom of the skull and terminate into the olfactory bulb that’s just above the cribriform plate (Seeley, Stephens, & Tate, 2008). The olfactory tract then takes the signal from the olfactory bulb to the cerebral cortex (Seeley, Stephens, & Tate, 2008) . This is a simplified version of the much more complex biological process that is olfaction, but it is sufficient for the depth of this paper.

Developmental stage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Developmental stage - Research Paper Example This viewpoint is clearly illustrated by one infancy development author: The human baby is the most socially influenced creature on earth, open to learning what his own emotions are and how to manage them. This means that our earliest experiences as babies have much more relevance to our adult selves than many of us realise. It is as babies that we first feel and learn what to do with our feelings, when we start to organise our experience in a way that will affect our later behaviour and thinking The first aspect that must be developed in a young offspring is cognition. This is the initial period of alertness where a young offspring learns about his environment and finds ways to appropriately interact with it. Although their memory is not yet refined, they are able to familiarize themselves with the faces, voices, touch or smell of the persons surrounding them. Their range of vision is also limited but they can easily spot bright and moving objects. According to Jean Piaget, there are two significant events that happen during cognitive development. First is what he calls the â€Å"goal-directed behavior† wherein infants start to learn about the cause and effect of their actions. Moreover, they repeat particular actions for they already have the idea that those actions will bring out their desired results. The second significant event in cognition is their notion for â€Å"object permanence†. Before, infants think that if something that they have seen is taken away or hidden, it is completely gone. After their third month, babies will start to develop their thinking that a thing still exists even if it cannot be seen. During this stage, it is normal that infants exhibit budding and intense curiosity with their immediate surrounding. This is the primary reason why babies use their hands and mouth to inspect things. They find joy in exploring things by touching and

Obama was right to call for national conversation on race Essay

Obama was right to call for national conversation on race - Essay Example The political leaders in America are at the front line. They are weighed in terms of their political cultures and their takes on racisms as a contentious topic in America. President Obama is no different since racism was among the important aspects that featured during his campaign for presidency. This essay seeks to discuss why president Obama was right to call for a nationwide conversation on race. After Trayvon martin’s fatal death, America witnessed a wave of nationwide demonstrations that pervade the whole country to the Whitehouse. The president in his heartfelt and spontaneous words about the race relations in America featured on the need for everyone to participate in a nationwide debate on race. The president however reiterated that it was not the right time for the politicians to take blame but help initiative this national conversation (Gerson). For this position, the president was right that the issue of racism should be discussed by all the American citizens. This is because all the citizens have a huge role to play in the democratic institutions of America. It is in line with this thought that this dialogue on race will influence other issues affecting the poor communities in America. These include public policy and democracy. This conversation should be contrasted to Clinton’s ideas which bore no fruits. The conversation should be objective driven and purposeful. It should be seeking to find an agenda of democratic transformation that pervades the whole country from a national, state and local level. In the conversation every individual from all walks of life should participate. The leaders are the community leaders, activists and civil rights organizers who would put the framework. These leaders need to have the express purpose of developing public policy solutions. These are issues that affect the employment, public education, healthcare, criminal justice and general life chance in the United States of America. This is in relation to the many decades back where numerous efforts of civil rights activists empowered the whole country to start a conversation on racisms. Clearly, this was a success since all the races in America participated in the conversation to come up with a solution that synthesized all these races into one. This conversation was not simply on racisms but also focused in reforming democracy. Every member of the American society participated in this conversation many decades ago. These include prisoners, politicians, welfare mothers, religious leaders and labour activists. The early conversation involved many aspects including street protests that were often complemented by crisis legislations. The notion for a National Conversation on Race Day is stirred by the joint engagement and action of these people, several of whom turned out in multitudes for the August 28, 1963, Walk on Washington for freedom and Jobs. This walk brought together disparate political ideas into a great and unifying cal l for economic equality, racial justice and multicultural democracy. It was through this event that the cultural, social and political awareness of racial injustice were galvanized. This led to the transformation of public policy guidelines in America to accommodate all races. These were affected through the voting rights act of 1965 and the civil rights act of 1964. This march has reached its 50th

Public opinion on health care reform in the United States Research Paper

Public opinion on health care reform in the United States - Research Paper Example There have been many efforts to impose some kind of health care reform in the United States, and the aim of this essay is to examine the public opinion of the most recent effort by current President, Barack Obama, to change the way the system works in the US. The hypothesis is that most people asked, using a short survey written on the Qualtrics system, would have a favorable opinion of the current reforms suggested, particularly in regards to the reform of the private health insurance market and aiding those with long-term chronic conditions in qualifying for affordable health insurance policies. This topic is particularly important because healthcare is something that is required by every individual at some point in their lives, and thus this issue affects everyone in the United States. It is also particularly timely because of the current economic recession (Blendon and Benson, â€Å"Public Opinion, the Deep Recession†, 2010), meaning that health insurance premiums are out of reach for more people than ever. This is part of the reason why we have hypothesized that the public opinion will be generally positive concerning this issue. Existing research on the topic has suggested that people are of generally mixed views about the reforms. We can see from evidence provided by Zis, Jacobs and Shapiro (1996) that showed public opinion on healthcare before the reforms were suggested that is particularly difficult to find a common ground between politicians and the public on this issue. More recent research suggests that public opinion on the specifics of the healthcare system as proposed by and passed by Obama are mixed (Blendon and Benson, â€Å"Public Opinion at the Time†, 2010). This is also shown in evidence from Gelman, Lee and Ghitza (2010). This article goes on to state that the majority of reform opposition comes from those within a higher income bracket and those over 65. This has led to the formation of the third hypothesis being tested by th is questionnaire. This research proposes that it will in fact be those over the age of 40 that will be more opposed to the healthcare reforms, although the age responses will be grouped to allow us to see if this statement will back up Gelman, Lee and Ghitza (2010). The first hypothesis will be testing the current thought in research that people have mixed views on the topic of healthcare reform. Existing research has also shown that people are in agreement with some of the pieces of the healthcare reform, and it is as a whole that it causes controversy (Brodie et al., 2010). This research covered the topic from a more historical perspective and additionally used information from those leaving the polling stations. This meant that people were more likely to be volatile in the opinions they expressed. The theory put forward by this research is that people are generally happy with certain aspects of the reform, and the questionnaire will question the opinion of people on the specific topic of extending Medicaid coverage to test this theory. Finally, there has been a lot of research on whether the healthcare reforms benefit certain ethnic groups and as such they show a more positive response to the laws, for example the work by Tesler and Sears (2010). This has been widely debated and as such is not a gap in the research and will not be included in the hypotheses. The three testable hypotheses are, then: 1. Individuals questioned will generally express positive views (as indicated by the

Feasibility Study for Fast Food Restaurant

Feasibility Study for Fast Food Restaurant I would first like to thank Mrs Sumaira Hamid for giving us the opportunity to conduct this project which has enabled me to understand fast food restaurants more closely and thus it defiantly increases my knowledge about the subject. I would also like to thank my friends, as without their cooperation this project would not have been completed. Executive summary This project is purely based on economic and financial analysis. Here I have conducted a feasibility study for a fast food restaurant. I have tried to cover all the aspects, economically related and financially related to the proposed project. There are two main parts in this project. first one is the pre-feasibility study and second is feasibility study. In the first part I have analyzed the scenario in the sector and market potential. In the second part I have tried to cover the financially related aspects of the project. Introduction Definition of fast food: Inexpensive food, such as hamburgers and fried chicken, prepared and served quickly. Food prepared and served quickly. A fast food restaurant is the one that after ordering supplies food quickly and with minimum service. Generally all restaurants are characterized as fast food restaurant. The food in these restaurants is pre prepared and kept warm. The food is produced in a huge quantity. There are some fast food restaurants, which even dont provide sitting area to its costumers. Main characteristics of a fast food restaurant The main aim of fast food outlet is to focus on consumer convenience. The increasing number of outlets clearly states the demand of consumer for fast food in the country. The company increases its accessibility by increasing number of outlets. The concept of free home delivery and take away has increased the sales, a major increase has been seen in satellite outlets such as airports, railway stations, gas station etc. The fast food is popular among consumer for several reasons. Some of them are as following; Deliver food to costumer at a low price. Accessibility for consumer. Good reputation for cleanliness. Fast service. Child friendly atmosphere. Break from routine cooking. Another aim of fast food restaurant is to decrease the cost and time consumed for food consumption. The rise in population, employment and increasing work schedule has increased the value of time. Thus our economy is increasingly becoming service oriented. Fast food industry is becoming an important part our life. In these scenarios fast food industry will grow with a moderate speed. Fast food industry is becoming an important part our life. Scrotal analysis Fast food industry is very popular in Pakistan, as many international fast food chains like K.F.C, McDonalds, Pizza-hut, Subway, etc are based here. These international corporations cater to high income segment and modify their menu according to the taste of their potential consumer. These international chains are not the only source of fast food in the country. Many local chains (AFC, Bryani express, cock and bull, Lahore brost) has been developed over time, to give a good competition to these international chains by lowering their prices and hence increasing their sales by catering middle income and low income level consumers. The behavioral change in food consumption among people has attracted many international organizations. Fast food industry in Pakistan insures a promising return. It has shown impressive progress in the past, and will continue in the future. The presence of international organization operating in the region is a clear shade of investment opportunity in the country. The Market of fast food industry in Pakistan has a room for many more. With the little help of government, much more can be done attract more international organization, or to bring up the local ones. Presence of SME Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in giving necessary impetus to  employment generation, GDP growth and poverty alleviation and hence have been recognized  increasingly all over the world. Although the performance of SME sector in Pakistan is quite encouraging, however due to some inherent and structural weaknesses and problems, its access to credit from the formal sector has been inadequate. The analysis of quality of loan portfolio reveals that, the quality of SME loans has improved over the year in this sector. List of some popular fast food restaurants in Pakistan McDonalds Pizza Hut KFC Subway Nandos Al Baik Al-Najam Fried Chicken [50] Arizona Grill Chicken Cottage Ginos Mr. Burger PapaSallis Pizza AW Papa Johns Pizza Express Pizza Next Dominos Dunkin Donuts Investment opportunity As the value of time in Pakistan is increasing day by day due to hectic work schedule, people are trying to save their time from any mean they can, and thus are becoming increasingly service oriented. Fast food industry gives a good opportunity to save their time by providing fast and healthy food to its costumers. The food service industries that offer the highest levels of convenience have, been rewarded with strong sales growth. The value of consumer time, as well as the demand for consistent, high-quality food products, will continue to shape the fast food industry. Fast food is becoming an increasingly significant part of the young generations diet. The role of convenience in this dietary shift cannot be over-emphasized, and the future growth of the rest of the food service industry will be driven in large part by its ability to find new ways to save consumers time. Another important fact is the increase in food consumption due to increase in population. Considering these factors, investment in fast food restaurant is a good opportunity There are some critical important factors, which if acted upon properly will provide a promising investment opportunity. Identify goals and ways to measure them. Adjustments according to change in consumer habits. Implementation system and ensure consistency of operation. Points of difference that enables them to dominant their market nitch. Consistency of quality and service, and operating systems and management procedure. Menu selection and pricing. The specific location within your target area. Conduct market survey. In depth investigation Pakistan, currently ranked as 6th in terms of total population, is characterized by a high  Population growth rate of 1.9% (Pakistan Economic Survey 2005) and is set to take the top  Three positions in terms of total population with already 153.4 Million people registered in  2005. With this, the per capita income has increased to US$ 736 while the productive age  group (15 to 64) years is said to take the major chunk of population (67% of total  population) by 2020. The growth rate in food consumption is also augmented by the rapid increase in the  employment rate for males / female population aging between 20 to 29 years (fast food  goers) hence the greater income contribution to the overall income generated is expected to  be higher. The growth in Risks There are certain risks involved in this sector. Some of them are stated below. Increase in pieces of raw material. Political instability Change of trend in consumption pattern. Required machinery and other equipment The quality of food is highly affected by the technology used in its production. The machinery required for production of fast food products is easily available in international market as well as in local market. It is up to the owner weather to purchase expensive branded ones or the cheaper ones. This decision depends on the question how much importance the owner gives to the quality of food being served to the consumer?. As fast food industry is growing day by day, so is the technology being used in it. Branded equipment (first hand and second hand) is available in the market. The minimum delivery time required is three months, if ordered through an internet vendor. There are also re-conditioned machines available in the market. Some outlets, before closing their business sell their machinery at low cost. Maintenance of machinery is very important for maximum quality and long life of the equipment. The machine requires routine cleaning, maintenance and annual service. We will use new machinery with latest technology in our project. This would help us in producing good quality food products, high efficiency, low labor and operating cost and would reduce human errors. The machinery required for the plant is easily available in local market, so all the purchases will be done locally. Local purchases would help us in clams of default piece, would prevent us from high transportation costs and government taxes and would reduce our time to start the project. Raw material The raw material required for the production in a fast food restaurant is easily available locally. In every city there is a local market from where these material are easily available at cheap prices. Thus the raw material for the proposed project will be purchased from the city local market .the list of raw material is given bellow with their nit prices, total units required and total cost. Items Quantity Per unit or per kilogram price Total price Eggs 100 50 5,000 Sugar 70 30 2,100 Spices 250 300 75,000 Flour for batter 100 70 7,000 Chicken 1000 115 115,000 Meat 400 250 100,000 Beef 400 150 60,000 Cheese 300 250 75,000 Oil 400 100 40,000 Sauces 250 200 50,000 Corn 50 80 4,000 Carrot 50 15 750 Cabbage 60 20 1,200 Tomatoes 70 24 1,680 Onion 100 18 1,8000 Lettuce 60 15 900 Total 539,430 Human resource Hiring right employee for the right job dose not only contributes to your sales but also creates a good image in the sight of consumer. There are several categories of personnel in the restaurant business: manager, cooks, servers and cleaners. The manager is the most important part of any organization. The manager for the proposed project should be skilled, should know about the area, supplies buying sources and most importantly should know about the buying behaviors of customers. At initial stage of a restaurant five people are required to carry out the work at kitchen. Another important part of a restaurant is servers. The servers will have the most interaction with customers, so they need to make a favorable impression, work well under pressure and meeting the demands for customers. Land requirement for the project The outlet of a fast food restaurant should be in such place where the traffic of its potential costumer is maximum. In the distribution of land for different areas in a restaurant, it is recommended that the largest part should be donated to the dining hall and second preference should be given to kitchen. The land requirement in our project is 4475 sq.ft. The area should be populated and should have proper utilities and facilities. The construction cost totally depends on the size of land the amount of work to be done on it. In our project the construction requirement in different parts of the restaurant is different. For example construction cost for kids playing area would be lower than construction cost for waiting area, as less has to be done in waiting area as compared to dining area. Location The location chosen for the required project is JOHER TOWN MAIN BUALIVORD.The traffic of potential costumer is maximum there .the construction of micro shopping mall and Pakistan trade center would bring a huge wave of potential costumers Rent The rent at Johet Town Main Boulevard for a double storied building is 125,000 per month. Plant capacity The area required for this restaurant is 4500 sq feet. The seating arraignment is for 100 people. There are 25 dieing tables, and four people can sit on one table. The total management in the restaurant comprises of 23 people. Ten people can be seated at the waiting lung. Hence in total, the restaurant can shelter up-to 130 to 140 at a time. Utilities Assumptions Rent increases by 5% after every year. Salaries increase by 2% after every year. Residual value is zero. Capital utilization differs in four years, and remains constant afterwards. Debt-equity ratio is 50-50. Straight-line method is used for depreciation. Current interest rate is 20%.. Tax rate is 20%.. 150 people visit the restaurant every day. Average purchase amounts RS.120. Do-ability of the project The proposed project can show high returns. the project perfectly sets to the changing patterns of the country. If the gets good reorganization among its potential costumers, the project can show amazing result, and can prove a good investment for the investor. Comparative advantage As the demand for fast-food increases, the prices increase with it. The only comparative advantage is that, the owner will offer low prices to the costumers. This would increase its sales. ACCABILITY OF THE PROJECT As shown, that the NPVs and IRRs calculated above are negative in most of the cases, except the resource statement. This shows that the project is not acceptable. On the other hand if the revenues assumed above are increased, the returns will increase, and thus will end up with positive NPV. This can be done by proper marketing of the restaurant.